Neurofeedback is not simply a treatment or a means of conditioning, it is a holistic view of optimal function based on self-regulation. Neurofeedback does not have the same objective as clinical psychology because clinical psychology is a model of dysfunction, whereas neurofeedback is a model of function. Psychology is essentially normative because it considers the average as the preferred state. Clinical psychology is reductive; neurofeedback is integrative and holistic.

Optimal function is not the same as the absence of dysfunction; optimal function is a state that is better than average. Neurofeedback can explore optimal states because neurofeedback embraces the notion that the brain is a part of a self-optimizing system. Clinicians neither need to know the optimal state nor must they lead their clients to it. Neurofeedback allows the brain to train itself.

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